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Standard operating procedure for pH meter

 1). pH meters -  Objective:                      To demonstrate how to use a standard pH meter in the TRACES Centre and undergraduate laboratories. This process explains how to accurately test a solution's pH.  2. Scope: Digital pH meters in the TRACES Centre and the UG Laboratory are affected. These devices include (but are not limited to) Sartorius, Oakton, and Mettler-Toldeo.  3. Responsibility :   Designated persons in the research lab are responsible for training employees and students on this protocol and ensuring that it is followed. It is the responsibility of selected persons (Staff or Students) to adhere to the procedure's guidelines.  4. Equipment :  • pH meter, digital  • Double-junction Ag/AgCl electrode pH electrode  • ATC probe (automatic temperature control) (if available)  • Transfer utensils, pipettes, spatula or capillaries  • Clean stir bars on a stir p...
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viral Disease, symptoms, vaccine

 viral Diseases


1) Small Pox:


 The disease is caused by the variola virus.


 This disease affects the nervous system.


 The disease is spread by contaminated drops that fly from the cough.


 ðŸ’¢ Symptoms: 


fever, blisters on 3/4 days after infection, blindness in the next stage


💢 Vaccine: Vaccine of small Pox


 The body of the small pox has been offered in India since 1975.


 2) Chicken Pox


 The disease is caused by the virus Vericella -zoster.


 The disease mainly affects children.  However, it can also affect young people.


 This disease is not dangerous.


💢 Symptoms: 


Fever, headache, rash on the first day of infection


 ðŸ’¢Vaccine: 


Not available.  However, once done, lifelong protection.


 3) Measles


 The disease is caused by Myxovirus virus.


 The disease is highly contagious and mainly affects children below the age of five years and there is a high risk of secondary infection.


💢 Symptoms: 


fever, dry throat, white spots in the mouth on the third day, rash on the fourth day


💢 Vaccines:


Anti-measles vaccines - Lifelong protection


 Measles is the leading cause of child mortality in India.



 4) Rubella or Gernman measles


 The disease is caused by the Myxovirus virus.


 The disease is highly contagious and mainly affects children below the age of five years and there is a high risk of secondary infection.


 These diseases affect the glands in the neck.


💢 Symptoms: 


fever, inflammation of the cervix, rash on the first day of infection,


 If the mother is born in the first four months of pregnancy, the child is likely to be deaf as well as deaf.


 ðŸ’¢Vaccine:


 Anti-rubella vaccine.  Lifetime protection.


 5) Mums


 The disease is caused by Paramyxo Virus.


 The disease affects the salivary glands.  Swelling of the salivary glands makes the mud look swollen.


💢 Symptoms: 


Fever, swelling of salivary glands, difficulty in swallowing food and water.


 It mainly affects young children, but if it occurs in a young person, it can become infertile.


💢 Vaccines: Anti-mumps vaccines.



 6) Poliomycetis:


 The disease is caused by the entero virus.


 The disease affects the central nervous system.


 This disease can cause paralysis of the limbs and this phenomenon mainly occurs in childhood.


💢 Vaccines: 


Two anti-polio vaccines are used.


 1) Salf V - is given by injection in the body.


 2) SEBI - It is given orally.


 The WHO has recommended Sebine vaccine for India.


 Since November 1995, India has launched the Plus Polio Immunization Program.  Under this program, children under the age of five are given OPV (Oral Polio Vaccines)

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