1). pH meters - Objective: To demonstrate how to use a standard pH meter in the TRACES Centre and undergraduate laboratories. This process explains how to accurately test a solution's pH. 2. Scope: Digital pH meters in the TRACES Centre and the UG Laboratory are affected. These devices include (but are not limited to) Sartorius, Oakton, and Mettler-Toldeo. 3. Responsibility : Designated persons in the research lab are responsible for training employees and students on this protocol and ensuring that it is followed. It is the responsibility of selected persons (Staff or Students) to adhere to the procedure's guidelines. 4. Equipment : • pH meter, digital • Double-junction Ag/AgCl electrode pH electrode • ATC probe (automatic temperature control) (if available) • Transfer utensils, pipettes, spatula or capillaries • Clean stir bars on a stir p...
⭕ Drugs used as Diuretics with MOA ⭕ ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ Drug - Acetazolamide MOA - Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in PCT Urinary Electrolytes - ↑ Na+ ↑ K+ ↑↑ HCO3 – Blood PH - Acidosis ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ Drug - Ethacrynic acid, furosemide, torsemide MOA - Inhibition of Na+/K+/2Cl– cotransporter in TAL Urinary Electrolytes ↑↑ Na+ ↑ K+ ↑ Ca2+ ↑ Mg2+ ↑ Cl– Blood PH - Alkalosis ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ Drug - Hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide, chlorthalidone MOA - Inhibition of Na+/Cl– cotransporter in DCT Urinary Electrolytes - ↑ Na+ ↑ K+ ↑ Cl– ↓ Ca2+ Blood PH - Alkalosis ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ Drug - Amiloride, triamterene,spironolactone, eplerenone MOA - Block Na+ channels, Block aldosterone receptors in Collecting tubule Urinary Electrolytes - ↑ Na+ (small) ↓ K+ Blood PH - Acidosis ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖