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Standard operating procedure for pH meter

 1). pH meters -  Objective:                      To demonstrate how to use a standard pH meter in the TRACES Centre and undergraduate laboratories. This process explains how to accurately test a solution's pH.  2. Scope: Digital pH meters in the TRACES Centre and the UG Laboratory are affected. These devices include (but are not limited to) Sartorius, Oakton, and Mettler-Toldeo.  3. Responsibility :   Designated persons in the research lab are responsible for training employees and students on this protocol and ensuring that it is followed. It is the responsibility of selected persons (Staff or Students) to adhere to the procedure's guidelines.  4. Equipment :  • pH meter, digital  • Double-junction Ag/AgCl electrode pH electrode  • ATC probe (automatic temperature control) (if available)  • Transfer utensils, pipettes, spatula or capillaries  • Clean stir bars on a stir p...
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Drugs used as Diuretics with MOA

 ⭕ Drugs used as Diuretics with MOA ⭕


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Drug - Acetazolamide


MOA -  Inhibition of carbonic  anhydrase in PCT


Urinary Electrolytes - ↑ Na+ ↑ K+  ↑↑ HCO3 –


Blood PH - Acidosis


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Drug - Ethacrynic acid,  furosemide,  torsemide


MOA - Inhibition of  Na+/K+/2Cl–   cotransporter in TAL

 

Urinary Electrolytes ↑↑ Na+ ↑ K+ ↑ Ca2+ ↑ Mg2+ ↑ Cl–

 

Blood PH - Alkalosis


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Drug - Hydrochlorothiazide,  indapamide, chlorthalidone

 

MOA - Inhibition of Na+/Cl–  cotransporter in DCT


Urinary Electrolytes -  ↑ Na+ ↑ K+ ↑ Cl– ↓ Ca2+

 

Blood PH - Alkalosis


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Drug - Amiloride,  triamterene,spironolactone,  eplerenone

 

MOA - Block Na+ channels,  Block aldosterone  

receptors in  Collecting tubule

 

Urinary Electrolytes - ↑ Na+ (small) ↓ K+

 

Blood PH - Acidosis


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