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Standard operating procedure for pH meter

 1). pH meters -  Objective:                      To demonstrate how to use a standard pH meter in the TRACES Centre and undergraduate laboratories. This process explains how to accurately test a solution's pH.  2. Scope: Digital pH meters in the TRACES Centre and the UG Laboratory are affected. These devices include (but are not limited to) Sartorius, Oakton, and Mettler-Toldeo.  3. Responsibility :   Designated persons in the research lab are responsible for training employees and students on this protocol and ensuring that it is followed. It is the responsibility of selected persons (Staff or Students) to adhere to the procedure's guidelines.  4. Equipment :  • pH meter, digital  • Double-junction Ag/AgCl electrode pH electrode  • ATC probe (automatic temperature control) (if available)  • Transfer utensils, pipettes, spatula or capillaries  • Clean stir bars on a stir p...
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GENERAL CHEMICAL TESTS FOR ALKALOIDS:

 GENERAL CHEMICAL TESTS FOR ALKALOIDS


 Alkaloids are tested by the following reagents. Each reagent or test has accuracy and specificity. 


i) Dragendroff’s reagent- This reagent is constituted of Potassium Bismuth Iodide (PBI). Alkaloids give reddish brown color with the dragendroff’s reagent.  


ii) Mayer’s reagent- This reagent is constituted of Potassium Mercuric Iodide (PMI). Alkaloids give cream color with the Mayer’s reagent. Remember M for Mayer M for Mercuric i


ii) Wagner’s reagent- This reagent is constituted of Iodine Potassium Iodide (IPI). Alkaloids give reddish brown precipitate with the Wagner’s reagent. 


iv) Hager’s reagent- This reagent is constitutes of Picric Acid. Alkaloids give yellow precipitate with the Hager’s reagent. v) Tannic acid- With tannic acid alkaloids give buff colored precipitate. 


vi) Picrolinic acid- Yellow colored precipitate are produced with picrolinic acid.

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